Distinguishing the Source of Market Power
比较了非参数和索洛残差法两种市场势力检验方法，并开发了可嵌套检验垄断和买方垄断势力的新方法。应用于1977-1993年美国香烟制造业，发现企业在上游烟草市场行使了买方垄断势力，但在下游市场是否行使垄断势力结论不一。
Structural models used to measure market power, though widely employed, continue to be criticized. We compare alternative market power tests, including nonparametric and Solow residual‐based (SRB) tests. We develop SRB methods that permit nested testing for both monopolistic and monopsonistic market power by the same firm. These tests and a set of nonparametric tests are implemented to examine market power exertion by U.S. cigarette manufacturers from 1977 to 1993. All tests indicate that cigarette manufacturers exerted monopsonistic power in the upstream tobacco market. They are mixed on whether monopolistic power exertion was exerted in the downstream market.