Migration, Unemployment, and Skill Downgrading
构建一般均衡模型，分析灵活与刚性劳动力市场下移民对技能异质性工人的影响，发现中等技能移民在灵活市场降低低技能失业，在刚性市场则增加低技能失业并导致工资极化。
Abstract In this paper, we analyze the labor market impacts of immigration under flexible and rigid labor market regimes. A general equilibrium framework is developed, accounting for skill heterogeneity and labor market frictions, where unemployed medium‐skilled manufacturing workers are downgraded into low‐skilled service jobs, while low‐skilled service workers might end up unemployed. The analytical analysis shows that medium‐skill immigration decreases low‐skilled unemployment under the flexible regime, indicating a complementarity effect, while the rigid regime induces a substitution effect, leading to low‐skilled unemployment. Moreover, it leads to wage polarization. In a numerical analysis, the economic effects of different migration scenarios are quantified.