Buzz: face-to-face contact and the urban economy
论证现有城市集聚模型若不基于面对面接触这一基本邻近特征则不完备，分析其作为高效沟通技术、解决激励问题、促进社交学习及提供心理动力的四大功能，并建立两个正式经济模型，适用于信息不完善、快速变化且不易编码的创意活动环境。
This paper argues that existing models of urban concentrations are incomplete unless grounded in the most\nfundamental aspect of proximity; face-to-face contact. Face-to-face contact has four main features; it is an\nefficient communication technology; it can help solve incentive problems; it can facilitate socialization and\nlearning; and it provides psychological motivation. We discuss each of these features in turn, and develop\nformal economic models of two of them. Face-to-face is particularly important in environments where\ninformation is imperfect, rapidly changing, and not easily codified, key features of many creative activities.