CONCEPTS OF POVERTY AND THE POVERTY LINE
回顾了发达经济体区分贫困与非贫困的多种方法，包括预算标准、食物比例、官方、主观和相对贫困线方法，以及剥夺指标分析，指出近年来方法日趋复杂且远离准绝对背景，但所有方法在概念和实证层面仍面临严峻问题。
Abstract. Various approaches adopted in developed economies to distinguishing between the poor and non‐poor—to setting a poverty line—are reviewed. These include the budget standard, food ratio, ‘official’, subjective and relative poverty line methods, as well as the analysis of indicators of deprivation. There has been significant progress in recent years in the degree of sophistication involved, and a movement away from approaches with a quasi‐absolute background. However, all the methods face formidable problems at conceptual and empirical levels, and no single approach is likely to dominate.