Poverty in America 1970–1990: who did gain ground? An application of stochastic dominance criteria employing simultaneous inequality tests in a partial panel
运用随机占优准则和面板数据分析1970-1990年美国贫困状况，发现家庭规模消费经济起关键作用，白人与非白人群体经历不同，对贫困进展的乐观看法缺乏依据。
Abstract Atkinson ( 1987 ) proposed stochastic dominance criteria for analysing poverty which, under certain conditions, establish orderings of states for any poverty line and any poverty measure within given class, refocusing debate on the nature of the income distribution of the poor. Employing new empirical techniques, these criteria are implemented for the United States from 1970 to 1990 using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Results highlight the pivotal role of family size scale economies in consumption, indicate different experiences for white versus non‐white groups and suggest that optimism over the progress of the poor is not warranted. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.