Tenure and Forest Income: Observations from a Global Study on Forests and Poverty
研究了热带地区271个村庄中森林权属类型（国有、私有、社区所有）与家庭森林收入的关系，发现国有林收入更高，但执法力度和权属重叠对不同权属类型下的收入影响各异，对政策制定有参考价值。
We explore the relationship between tenure and forest income in 271 villages throughout the tropics. We find that state-owned forests generate more forest income than private and community-owned forests both per household and per hectare. We explore whether forest income varies according to the extent of rule enforcement, and congruence (i.e., overlap of user rights between owners and users). We find negative associations between enforcement and smallholder forest income for state-owned and community forests, and positive associations for privately owned forests. Where user rights are limited to formal owners we find negative associations for state-owned forests. Overlapping user rights are positively associated with forest income for community forests. Our findings suggest that policy reforms emphasizing enforcement and reducing overlapping claims to forest resources should consider possible negative implications for smallholder forest income.