Developing Ideal Intermediate Personality Items for the Ideal Point Model
研究发现，基于优势的李克特量表忽视了中间条目的重要性，而中间条目可以用理想点模型成功校准，为高潜在特质水平的被试提供更多信息，其中“平均”域表现最佳。
The importance of intermediate items has been overlooked since the emergence of dominance-based Likert-type scales. The current study aims to advance our understanding of the psychometric properties of intermediate items by showing that they can be successfully calibrated by an ideal point model. A student sample and an MTurk sample were selected to answer personality scales with intermediate items included. Results showed that personality scales with intermediate items demonstrated satisfactory model fits to the ideal point model, but not to the dominance model. When analyzed with the ideal point model, intermediate items provided more information than extreme items for respondents with high latent trait levels. Among four proposed domains of intermediate items (Frequency, Average, Condition, and Transition, “FACT”), the Average domain was consistently found to exhibit the best properties. The proportion of intermediate items in the scale also affected the model fit and the validity of the scale.