Jazz Improvisation and Organizing: Once More from the Top
回应《组织科学》关于爵士即兴与组织的特刊，呼吁扩展爵士隐喻的定义，指出爵士即兴不仅限于高度约束的结构和规则，组织即兴也可能超越这些约束。
This is a response to the special issue of Organization Science on Jazz Improvisation and Organizing (Vol. 9, No. 5, 1998). It is a call to unpack the jazz metaphor by extending the notion of jazz, and thereby the value of the metaphor, beyond the limited definition described in the issue. In that issue, jazz was described as a process of improvising within a highly constrained structure and set of rules. Other genres of jazz, however, have gone beyond those constraints. Jazz improvisation has occurred within forms, with forms, and beyond forms. Perhaps organizational improvisation may as well.