Women in Economics: Moving Up or Falling Off the Academic Career Ladder?
研究了1990年代女性经济学博士在学术界的晋升情况，发现相比其他学科，她们获得终身教职的可能性更低且耗时更长，部分原因来自生产力和子女影响，但仍有显著差距无法解释。
The percentage of economics doctorates awarded to women has increased over the past twenty years. This article considers whether women Ph.D. economists have increased their representation in academia, particularly at higher tenured ranks. Our study draws upon several empirical approaches and multiple data sets for the 1990s. We find that when compared with other academic disciplines, women in economics are less likely to get tenure and take longer to achieve it. Although gender differences in productivity and the effect of children on promotion partly explain women's lesser chances of receiving tenure in economics, a significant portion of the gender promotion gap remains unexplained by observable characteristics.