Student Outcomes in Philippine Elementary Schools: An Evaluation of Four Experiments
评估菲律宾1990-92年针对低收入地区小学的四种干预措施（提供教材、家长合作、学校供餐等）对降低辍学率和提高学习效果的影响，发现提供教材和促进家长合作的干预最有效。
Policymakers in most developing countries are concerned about high dropout rates and poor student learning in primary education. The government of the Philippines initiated the Dropout Intervention Program in 1990–92 as part of its effort to address these issues. Under this program, four experimental interventions were randomly assigned to 20 schools in selected low-income areas. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected from these schools, as well as from 10 control schools, in order to evaluate the program's impact on dropout behavior and student learning. The economic justification for replication appears to be strongest for the interventions that provided teachers with learning materials, which helped them to pace lessons according to students' differing abilities, and that initiated parent-teacher partnerships, which involved parents in the schooling of their children. The justification was weakest for the school feeding intervention. In addition to the results specific to the Philippines, this research demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring and evaluating interventions in the education sector in other developing countries, including the use of randomized control designs.