Adaptive Self-regulation: A Process View of Managerial Effectiveness
提出一套适应性自我调节过程，通过设定标准、检测和缩小差距来管理各方对角色的期望和绩效看法，从而提升管理者在他人眼中的有效性，并识别了影响这一过程的社会与情境因素。
This article describes a set of processes involved in attaining managerial effectiveness. These processes are components of an adaptive self-regulation framework. They involve the active management of constituencies' role expectations and performance opinions through standard-setting, discrepancy-detection, and discrepancy-reduction. These processes serve to enhance constituents' opinions of the manager's effectiveness. Several social and contextual factors that either facilitate or inhibit managers' self-regulation efforts are identified and hypotheses to guide future empirical research are offered.