The managerial implications of changing work force demographics: A scoping study
通过访谈美国大公司管理者，发现劳动力人口结构变化被理解为两个问题：潜在员工增长放缓与质量下降，以及性别、种族和年龄多样性增加。多数企业认为多样性带来管理挑战但非严重问题，而技能工人短缺则是重大持续问题。
Abstract The demographic changes currently underway in the United States have been widely anticipated and discussed by scholars and practitioners, but little is known about what impacts, if any, have already been experienced by employers. This article reports on a field study that asked managers in large US corporations to describe how and to what extent demographic changes have affected their businesses. Changing work force demographics were interpreted by managers as having two distinct components: a reduction in the growth rate and quality of potential employees, and increased gender, ethnic, and age diversity. While most firms reported managerial challenges from increased diversity, none characterized it as a serious business problem. A lack of sufficiently skilled workers for increasingly complex jobs, conversely, was seen as a major, ongoing problem.