European Consumers' Willingness to Pay for U.S. Beef in Experimental Auction Markets
通过实验拍卖市场研究欧洲消费者对爱尔兰、挪威、美国无激素和美国含激素牛肉的支付意愿，发现多数人偏好本国牛肉，半数偏好爱尔兰而非美国无激素牛肉，28%对含激素牛肉无差异或更偏好。
Consumers' willingness to pay for Irish, Norwegian, U.S. hormone‐free, and U.S. hormone‐treated beef was studied in an experimental auction market. We ran four simultaneous second‐price auctions to elicit efficiently the complete distribution of willingness to pay differences among our four alternatives. Most participants preferred domestic to imported beef, and half the participants preferred Irish to U.S. hormone‐free beef. Hormone‐treated beef received the lowest mean bid, but 28% of the participants were indifferent or preferred U.S. hormone‐treated to U.S. hormone‐free beef.