“You Can't Do Both—Something Will Give”: Limitations of the Targets Culture in Managing UK Health Care Workforces
基于对英国国家医疗服务体系四个组织的三年民族志研究，揭示了僵化的指标目标体系在临床和行政任务中的应用如何导致患者护理和员工士气的负面结果，并引发一线和中层管理者以“街头官僚”方式非正式地重申传统专业规范。
Based on a three‐year ethnographic study of four UK National Health Service (NHS) organizations, we explore the everyday cultural experience of managing clinical and administrative workforces. Although NHS organizations claim to function as enlightened HRM employers, we argue that the inflexible application of metrics‐based target systems to clinical and administrative tasks, including HRM operations, can result in dysfunctional outcomes for patient care and workforce morale. Reminiscent of the recent Mid Staffordshire health care scandal, the priorities attached to NHS personnel meeting the demands of performance management systems can prove incompatible with them also meeting the fundamental “human” needs of patients. The everyday experience of health care organization becomes one of employees reconciling competing logics of business efficiency and integrity of care . Trapped metaphorically between shrinking resources and expanding targets, the inclination—on the frontline and at mid‐management level—is to extend the integrity of care, although this is sometimes impossible and can prove problematic in terms of system accountability. In response to such organizational tensions the behavior of many frontline and mid‐management staffs ultimately reflects a form of “street‐level bureaucracy”—a situation in which traditional professional norms are reasserted informally in ways that often transgress prescribed performance systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.