The Effect of Initial Endowments in Experimental Auctions
实验发现，当参与者已拥有一个单位商品时，对第二个单位的支付意愿平均高出75%，并提出了两种可能解释。
We report the results of an experiment designed to test whether initial endowments affect value estimates elicited from experimental auctions. Comparing bids for one unit of a good, two units of a good, and a second unit of a good when endowed with the first unit, we find that willingness to pay for the second unit of a good is, on average, as much as 75% higher when endowed with the first unit. We go on to advance two theories that could potentially reconcile our results with neoclassical consumer theory.