Economic Performance, Voting, and Political Support: A Unified Approach
联合估计了美国总统选举投票函数和总统支持率函数，检验了选民和受访者是否使用相同标准评判经济表现，发现GNP增长和通胀均影响两者，但受访者可能更厌恶通胀。
A presidential vote function and a presidential approval ratings function are jointly estimated for U.S. postwar observations. The estimation technique treats the two equations as seemingly unrelated regressions with unequal numbers of observations. Cross-equation restrictions implying that voters and poll respondents use identical standards in judging the economic performance of incumbents are imposed and tested. Estimates show that both votes and approval ratings are influenced by GNP growth and inflation. The results suggest that poll respondents are more inflation averse than voters; however, tests of this hypothesis are not conclusive. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.