Individualized and Group-Based Views of Participation in Decision Making
研究从理论和实证层面明确考虑分析层次，使用组内与组间分析新方法，发现参与决策与工作活动及员工结果的关系主要基于组间差异，也部分支持个体视角。
Previous research has examined the effect of participation in decision making on various psychological and managerial variables, but has often overlooked levels of analysis considerations. In this study, levels of analysis were considered explicitly from theoretical and empirical perspectives to better understand participation in decision making. In a first demonstration of a new method to the participation literature, results from Within and Between Analysis (WABA) suggested that relationships between participation in decision making and several job activities and employee outcomes were based on between-groups differences. Some support also was obtained for an individual view of the associations between participation in decision making and activities and outcomes.