Causal Effects in Education
回顾了利用外生变异识别教育干预因果效应的新文献，比较了新方法与传统研究的结果差异，对关注教育政策效果的研究者有用。
Abstract. In recent years, a wave of new studies on the effects of educational interventions on student performance has emerged. The realization that inputs in the education process are endogenous is important for the validity of traditional findings. Because of ignoring endogeneity bias, all traditional estimates might be wrong. Recent studies exploit exogenous variation in interventions in education produced by controlled or natural experiments. Results generated by this methodological innovation differ substantially from the traditional findings. This article reviews this new literature, illustrates new methods for identifying causal effects of interventions in education and compares the findings with the traditional literature.