State Trading Enterprises in a Differentiated Product Environment: The Case of Global Malting Barley Markets
研究全球啤酒大麦市场中两家国有贸易企业的独家采购和定价政策是否可用于战略贸易，发现市场为寡头垄断且存在产品差异化，但初始商品支付过高阻碍了租金转移。
This study tested if the exclusive procuring and pricing policies of two state trading enterprises (STEs) in international malting barley markets could be used in a strategic trade context. The research provided four key findings. First, the global malting barley market operated in a quantity‐setting oligopolistic structure during the study years. Second, both STEs and other exporting countries were in Cournot competition and thus made available strategic trade possibilities. Third, initial commodity payments were too high to generate a rent‐shifting outcome. Fourth, product differentiation was confirmed, which may have dampened the desire/ability of STEs to pursue a rent‐shifting objective.