The Development and Enforcement of Group Norms
探讨群体规范为何被强制执行以及如何形成，指出群体仅对确保生存、增强行为可预测性、避免尴尬或表达核心价值的行为施加规范控制，规范通过上级声明、关键事件、首因效应或过往行为延续而发展。
This paper examines why group norms are enforced and how group norms develop. It is argued here that groups are likely to bring under normative control only those behaviors that ensure group survival, increase the predictability of group members' behavior, avoid embarrassing interpersonal situations, or give expression to the group's central values. Group norms develop through explicit statements by supervisors or co-workers, critical events in the group's history, primacy, or carry-over behaviors from past situations.