DISTANCE FROM URBAN AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AND RURAL POVERTY*
利用美国县级地理信息系统数据，研究发现农村地区距离大城市越远，贫困率越高，原因是城市集聚效应随距离衰减，且劳动力流动不充分。
ABSTRACT Despite strong national economic growth and significant poverty reduction during the late 1990s, high poverty persisted in remote rural areas. This study uses a geographical information system county database to examine the nexus between rural U.S. poverty and remoteness. We find that poverty rates increase with greater rural distances from successively larger metropolitan areas (MAs). We explain this outcome as arising from the attenuation of urban agglomeration effects at greater distances and incomplete commuting and migration responses to lower labor demand in rural areas. One implication is that remote areas may particularly experience greater reductions in poverty from place‐based economic development policies.