Trust and Truth
通过实验室实验，先让匿名配对受试者玩囚徒困境游戏建立关系，再玩私人价值讨价还价游戏，发现沟通能显著提高合作者的交易效率，但对背叛者无效，且合作者会因对手背叛而更激进报价和更多撒谎，证明许多人属于强互惠者。
In a laboratory experiment, we create relationships between pairs of anonymous subjects through a Prisoners' dilemma game. Thereafter the same subjects play a private values bargaining game with or without communication. Communication substantially increases bargaining efficiency among subjects who cooperated in the Prisoners' dilemma but has no significant effect on bargaining outcomes when one subject defected. Subjects who cooperated in the Prisoners' dilemma bid more aggressively if their opponent defected. Cooperators also lie more about their valuations when their opponent defected. The results constitute novel evidence that many people are strong reciprocators. Copyright © The Author(s). Journal compilation © Royal Economic Society 2009.