Organizational Decline and Innovation: A Contingency Framework
梳理了关于组织衰退对创新影响的不同观点，构建了一个权变模型，识别环境、组织和个人层面的变量如何决定衰退是抑制还是刺激创新，并提出了可检验的命题。
An examination of the diverse literature on organizational decline shows that there is disagreement regarding the effects of decline on innovation. Some research streams suggest that organizational decline interferes with an organization's capacity to innovate, whereas other research implies just the opposite: organizational decline stimulates innovation. In this article we integrate the inconsistent perspectives and findings in these research streams by developing a contingency model. The model identifies variables at the environmental, organizational, and individual levels of analysis that determine whether organizational decline inhibits or stimulates innovation. We summarize the moderating effects of these variables with empirically testable propositions and discuss implications of the framework for future research and management practice.