Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi: Developing a Three-Dimensional Model and Scale
开发了上下级关系的三维概念（情感依恋、个人生活融入、对上级的顺从），并通过三个研究验证了其量表效度，发现三个维度对员工承诺、离职意向和程序公平有不同影响。
We develop a three-dimensional concept of supervisor-subordinate guanxi . This concept includes affective attachment, personal-life inclusion, and deference to supervisor. Based on this concept, we conducted three studies to develop and validate a three-dimensional supervisor-subordinate guanxi measure and to examine its relationship with related constructs, such as leader-member exchange. Results from Study 1 and Study 2 provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of the scale, while Study 3 demonstrates the scale's incremental validity and replicates results from Study 2. Furthermore, in Study 3, we found that the three dimensions of supervisor-subordinate guanxi had different significant effects on commitment, turnover intention, and procedural justice, providing further evidence of criterion-related validity. Overall, these empirical results provide support for our three-dimensional model of supervisor-subordinate guanxi .