The Geography of Wage Discrimination in the Pre–Civil Rights South
利用1940年人口普查数据，估计美国南方各县组中黑人男性与白人男性的收入差距，发现差距在黑人劳动力占比高、种植园制度盛行、城市化程度高及白人选民有隔离倾向的地区更大。
Prior to the modern civil rights movement of the 1960s, the pay gap between African-American and white workers in the South was large overall, but also quite variable across location. Using 1940 census data, I estimate the white-black earnings gap of men for separate county groups called state economic areas, adjusting for individual differences in schooling and experience. I show that the gap was significantly greater in areas where, ceteris paribus , blacks were a larger proportion of the workforce, plantation institutions were more prevalent, more of the population was urban, and white voters exhibited segregationist preferences.