Market structure and gender disparity in health care: preferences, competition, and quality of care
研究了泌尿科患者偏好同性别医生时，市场结构如何影响性别差异，发现缺乏女泌尿科医生的市场女性膀胱癌死亡率高7.3%。
We consider the relationship between market structure and health outcomes in a setting where patients have stark preferences: urology patients disproportionately match with a urologist of the same gender. In the United States, however, fewer than 6% of urologists are women despite women constituting 30% of patients. We explain a portion of this disparity with a model of imperfect competition in which urology groups strategically differentiate themselves by employing female urologists. These strategic effects may influence women's health, as markets without a female urologist have a 7.3% higher death rate for female bladder cancer, all else equal.