Vertical and Lateral Information Processing: The Effects of Gender, Employee Classification Level, and Media Richness on Communication and Work Outcomes
分析了666名员工的数据，发现性别、员工级别和媒体丰富度影响沟通模式，如女性向上级发送信息较少，豁免员工与部门主管互动更多，使用丰富媒体的员工与上级沟通更多。
Data from 666 employees of a large midwestern telephone company were analyzed to identify communication pattern differences between: (a) males and females; (b) exempt and nonexempt employees; and (c) employees using rich and lean communication media. MANOVA and discriminant function analyses results indicated females sent less information to supervisors and experienced less information overload than males. Exempt employees interacted more with department heads and sent less information to peers than nonexempt employees. Those using the richest media communicated more with supervisors while those using the leanest media received most of their information from department heads. Additionally, interaction effects were detected. Discussion is advanced on how these findings might be used to improve intraorganizational communication.