Long-Term Neighborhood Effects on Low-Income Families: Evidence from Moving to Opportunity
利用“搬向机遇”随机实验数据，研究了搬到贫困率较低社区对低收入家庭10-15年后的影响，发现改善了成人身心健康和主观福祉，但对经济收入和青少年教育无显著效果，且对青少年影响存在性别差异。
We examine long-term neighborhood effects on low-income families using data from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized housing-mobility experiment. This experiment offered to some public-housing families but not to others the chance to move to less-disadvantaged neighborhoods. We show that ten to 15 years after baseline, MTO: (i) improves adult physical and mental health; (ii) has no detectable effect on economic outcomes or youth schooling or physical health; and (iii) has mixed results by gender on other youth outcomes, with girls doing better on some measures and boys doing worse. Despite the somewhat mixed pattern of impacts on traditional behavioral outcomes, MTO moves substantially improve adult subjective well-being.