ON THE EMERGENCE OF TOYBOYS: THE TIMING OF MARRIAGE WITH AGING AND UNCERTAIN CAREERS*
研究了职业机会的性别差异如何影响婚姻市场匹配，发现女性职业机会增加可能导致“女大男小”婚姻（女方至少大5岁）的兴起。
We explore how gender bias in career opportunities affects matching in a marriage market with search frictions and where an individual's fitness decays with age. We document a "being left on the shelf" effect where young singles, who find the marriage market rapidly thins with age, rush into early partnership. Singles with stronger career opportunities, however, have a greater option value to defer marriage. More equal career opportunities for women (captured by greater schooling and better occupations) potentially explain the recent emergence of toyboy unions, in which the woman is at least 5 years older than her partner. © (2011) by the Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.