“I've Got a Theory Paper—Do You?”: Conceptual, Empirical, and Theoretical Contributions to Knowledge in the Organizational Sciences
探讨管理领域对理论贡献的过度强调问题，澄清理论、模型和概念框架三种研究模式，并讨论数学与叙事两种研究语言在知识创造中的作用。
Is “the field of management's devotion to theory too much of a good thing?” [Hambrick, D. C. 2007. The field of management's devotion to theory: Too much of a good thing? Acad. Management J. 50(6) 1346–1352]. In his paper, Hambrick criticizes the practice employed by many journals in the management field that requires that papers submitted for publication make a strong theoretical contribution. I argue that part of the problem is caused by the misunderstanding and misuse of the term “theory.” To clarify the status of theory, I review three modes of research formulation in the organizational sciences: theories, models, and conceptual frameworks. Language plays an important role in scientific research. I therefore discuss two research languages that are used in research in management that appear to be the farthest apart: mathematics, which is the language of precision; and narratives, which is the language that provides rich data. I provide a discussion of the use of mathematics in theory development and the use of narratives in research development. The two languages and three modes of research formulation are needed for contribution to knowledge, which should be the main goal of research in organization science.