GAINS FROM TRADE IN INTERMEDIATE INPUTS IN THE UK FOOD SYSTEM
利用1979年英国投入产出表，估计了农业和食品加工中中间投入品贸易带来的专业化收益，发现贸易使农业和食品加工所需要素分别减少10.6%和2.2%。
In this paper we report estimates of the specialisation gains associated with trade in intermediate agricultural and food inputs. A Vertically Integrated Sectors (VIS) modelling approach is employed to compare the levels of factors required to produce imported intermediate inputs domestically with those required to produce the “compensating” exports needed to purchase the imported intermediates. On the basis of the 1979 UK input‐output tables, an average of 10.6 per cent fewer factors would have been required in agriculture and 2.2 per cent fewer in food processing with trade in intermediate inputs than without. The results support the view that the promotion of domestic production of agricultural inputs via import substitution would be costly.