The Effects of Welfare‐to‐Work Program Activities on Labor Market Outcomes
利用密苏里州和北卡罗来纳州福利领取者的行政数据，研究评估、求职援助和人力资本提升等福利到工作子项目对劳动力市场结果的不同影响，发现高强度培训初期降低收入但长期增加收入。
Studies examining welfare-to-work program effectiveness present mixed and sometimes discrepant findings, partly due to research design, data, and methodological limitations. Using administrative data on Missouri and North Carolina welfare recipients, we substantially improve on past estimation approaches to identify the distinct effects of each state's welfare-to-work sub-programs—assessment, job search assistance and job readiness training, and more intensive programs designed to augment human capital. More intensive training is associated with greater initial earnings losses but also greater long-run earnings gains. The negative program impacts we observe in quarters immediately following participation turn positive by the second year after participation.