Interactions between Workers and the Technology of Production: Evidence from Professional Baseball
利用1970-2003年棒球运动员的面板数据，证明工人基于收入最大化而非行为因素影响同事生产率，且互补或替代关系决定努力的正负效应。
This paper shows that workers can affect the productivity of their coworkers based on income maximization considerations, rather than relying on behavioral considerations such as peer pressure, social norms, and shame. We show that a worker's effort has a positive effect on the effort of coworkers if they are complements in production, and a negative effect if they are substitutes. The theory is tested using a panel data set of baseball players from 1970 to 2003. The results are consistent with the idea that the effort choices of workers interact in ways that are dependent on the technology of production. Copyright by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.