Attitudes to Ethnic Minorities, Ethnic Context and Location Decisions
指出，若个人居住地选择受态度影响，简单估计族裔背景对多数族裔态度的影响会有偏差，并提出用工具变量法纠正这种偏差。
Attitudes of ethnic majority populations towards other communities is a potentially important determinant of social exclusion and welfare of ethnic minorities. The suggestion that negative attitudes towards minorities may be affected by the ethnic composition of the locality in which individuals live has often been made and empirically investigated. We point to a potential for bias in simple estimates of ethnic context effects if individual location decisions are driven partly by attitudinal factors. We also suggest an instrumental variables procedure for overcoming such bias in data with appropriate spatial information. Our results suggest that such a correction may be important.