School Segregation, Educational Attainment, and Crime: Evidence from the End of Busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg *
研究2001年夏洛特-梅克伦堡取消种族校车计划后，重新划分学区导致学生被分配到少数族裔比例更高的学校，发现白人和少数族裔学生考试成绩下降，白人毕业率和大学入学率降低，少数族裔男性犯罪率大幅上升，加剧了种族不平等。
Abstract We study the end of race-based busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools (CMS). In 2001, school boundaries in CMS were redrawn dramatically, and half of students received a new assignment. Using addresses measured prior to the policy change, we compare students in the same neighborhood that lived on opposite sides of a newly drawn boundary. We find that both white and minority students score lower on high school exams when they are assigned to schools with more minority students. We also find decreases in high school graduation and four-year college attendance for whites and large increases in crime for minority males. We conclude that the end of race-based busing widened racial inequality, despite efforts by CMS to mitigate the effect of segregation through compensatory resource allocation.