Rethinking Corporate Strategy: A Cybernetic Perspective
用控制论挑战传统理性规划战略，提出基于理解情境、远离危害、系统关系价值和联合行动的系统智慧战略，适用于动荡环境下的战略制定。
This paper offers a view of corporate strategy guided by the insights of cybernetics. The approach challenges the conventional wisdom of rational planning and instrumental control which stresses the importance of goal-oriented adaption of organization to environment. In its place an alternative strategy of systemic wisdom is developed. This is based on: (a) an understanding of contexts; (b) an orientation of action away from noxiants; (c) finding value in system relations rather than instrumental ends; and (d) fostering joint rather than individual action. The paper is concerned to understand the requirements and consequences of strategy formulation in turbulent environments.