What Did Unions Do in Nineteenth-Century Britain?
研究了19世纪英国工会的保险功能，分析其运作方式、职业差异及对工会组织的影响，发现保险福利有助于吸引和留住会员，但并未显著增强工会领导相对于雇主或普通会员的权力。
The article examines the development of the insurance function of trade unions. It analyzes how such policies worked, and why union benefit packages differed across occupations. It also addresses the impact of insurance policies on union organization. Insurance benefits increased the ability of unions to attract and retain members. They did not, however, significantly increase the power of union leaders relative to employers or union rank and file.