Responses by Professional Organizations to Multiple and Ambiguous Institutional Environments: The Case of AIDS
基于制度理论和专业主导理论，研究医院等专业组织如何应对艾滋病带来的多重模糊压力，通过全国调查数据揭示组织政策与专业行为的采纳模式。
In this paper we examine responses to multiple and ambiguous pressures gener ated by the environmental threat of AIDS. Using an institutional theory frame work and insights from professional dominance theory, we develop a two- dimensional typology, incorporating the belief systems of important constituents and the degree of institutional rules, to explain the patterns of organizational adoption of AIDS-related policies and related professional prac tices. Hypotheses are tested with data from a national survey of hospitals ( n= 506), with interviews from administrators and chiefs of medicine. Results sup port the usefulness of the explanatory schema for patterns of organizational policy adoption; the schema also provides a stronger explanation of pro fessional behaviour patterns than does the existence of policies requiring such behaviour. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for professional organizations in the context of environmental threats are discussed.