Market Organization, Protection, and Vertical Integration: German Cotton Textiles before 1914
研究了1914年前德国棉纺织业纵向一体化程度较高的原因，发现不发达的投入产出市场和关税保护是主要驱动因素，尤其体现在织布部门的产品多样化和纺织一体化。
This article examines the causes for the relatively high degree of vertical integration in the German cotton textile industry before 1914. Underdeveloped input and output markets exposed German textile firms to price risks not faced by English firms that had access to highly-developed cotton, yarn, and cloth markets. In addition, tariff protection may have prompted integration by its impact on market development. In the weaving sector in particular, the response to this structure of markets was a more diversified product line and integration of both spinning and weaving.