Spatial Routes to Gender Wage (In)equality: Regional Restructuring and Wage Differentials by Gender and Education*
研究美国区域经济重构如何影响不同教育水平男女的工资差异，发现工资变化方向在性别和教育间无显著差异，但性别工资不平等的空间分布存在重要差异。
Abstract: I examine how different dimensions of restructuring are related to gender wage inequality. The analysis extends research on regional wage differentials to include differentials between men and women in two educational groups at opposite ends of the educational hierarchy. Relative wages across regional labor markets in the United States are modeled in a multilevel framework as outcomes of variation in economic conditions associated with restructuring. Using microdata from the 1990 PUMS‐A 5 percent census files, as well as independent sources of macro‐data on counties, I show that the direction of wage changes associated with each dimension of restructuring generally does not differ by gender or education. Wages are either higher or lower than the average labor market for all groups. However, there are significant differences in relative wages by gender and many important differences between the two educational groups in the spatial distribution of gender wage inequality. Several “spatial routes” to gender wage equality emerge that differ from the dominant temporal explanations of the declining gender wage gap and differ according to the educational background of workers.