THE EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT POLICY ON DRUG USE: JAVA, 1875–1904
研究了19世纪末爪哇鸦片从私人包税制转为政府专卖制后，消费量显著下降，对理解政策如何影响毒品使用有参考价值。
We study a period of Javanese history when the consumption of opium was legal, but the supply of it was undergoing substantial institutional transformation. Through most of the nineteenth century the opium trade was organized into a system of “revenue farms,” which were privately owned local monopolies that bought raw opium from the government, refined it, and sold it to consumers. After 1893 this system was replaced by a government monopoly, the so-called opium regie, which controlled importation, refining, and retailing. Our main conclusion is that this change in policy substantially reduced opium consumption.