Club Goods and Group Identity: Evidence from Islamic Resurgence during the Indonesian Financial Crisis
利用印尼金融危机期间的相对价格冲击，研究发现经济困境导致宗教虔诚度（如古兰经学习和伊斯兰学校出勤）上升，且信贷可得性削弱了这一效应，宗教虔诚度有助于缓解信贷约束和跨家庭消费平滑。
This paper tests a model in which group identity in the form of religious intensity functions as ex post insurance. I exploit relative price shocks induced by the Indonesian financial crisis to demonstrate a causal relationship between economic distress and religious intensity (Koran study and Islamic school attendance) that is weaker for other forms of group identity. Consistent with ex post insurance, credit availability reduces the effect of economic distress on religious intensity, religious intensity alleviates credit constraints, and religious institutions smooth consumption shocks across households and within households, particularly for those who were less religious before the crisis. (c) 2010 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.