Relations among Lateness, Absence, and Turnover: Is There a Progression of Withdrawal?
研究基于63名医院员工的纵向出勤数据，检验了退出行为递进假说，发现迟到会引发缺勤，多次缺勤会导致离职，迟到也可能直接导致离职。
The progression of withdrawal hypothesis predicts a hierarchy among withdrawal behaviors, with lateness being followed by absence, which in turn results in quitting. This paper presents longitudinal attendance data from a sample of 63 hospital employees. Analyses of conditional probabilities revealed progressions from lateness to absence, from multiple (but not single) absences to quitting, and tentative evidence of a lateness-quitting progression. Initial lateness was also found to result in increased subsequent lateness, and likewise for absence.