A Multidirectional Approach Toward Leadership: An Extension of the Concept of Behavioral Complexity
研究了行为复杂的管理者是否更有效，通过调查282名中层经理和252名公共事业经理，发现行为储备与有效性正相关，行为差异化与有效性的关系部分得到支持。
This paper explores the idea that behaviorally complex managers are more effective than their less complex counterparts. Behavioral complexity is assumed to have a repertoire and differentiation component. Behavioral repertoire refers to the portfolio of leadership functions managers can perform and behavioral differentiation to the ability of managers to vary the performance of their leadership functions depending on the situation. An empirical examination of the perceptions of the subordinates, peers, and superiors of the behavioral repertoire and differentiation of 282 middle managers from a large Fortune 50 manufacturing company and 252 managers from the public utility industry shows strong support for the notion that behavioral repertoire is positively associated with effectiveness and mixed support for the hypothesized positive relationship between behavioral differentiation and effectiveness.