Ethical Ambivalence and Organizational Reward Systems
提出伦理矛盾的概念，指组织奖励系统塑造的行为与利益相关者伦理价值观之间的冲突，并举例说明规范与反规范，为研究者和管理者提供行动策略。
Ethical ambivalence is a form of sociological ambivalence in which (a) the behaviors, attitudes, and norms that are shaped and maintained by the organizational reward system conflict with (b) the behaviors, attitudes, and norms congruent with the ethical values and judgments of organizational stakeholders. For example, though stakeholders require honest, open reporting, stonewalling and falsification of data may be rewarded. Examples of norms and counternorms are developed, and action strategies for researchers and managers are recommended.