Authority and Efficiency: The Labor Market and the Managerial Revolution of the Late Nineteenth Century
探讨管理革命如何将生产决策集中到管理层手中，并解释为何在资本主义经济中，有利可图且高效的工作组织方式会有所不同，关键在于工人集体行动的条件。
The managerial revolution resulted in the concentration of production decisions in the hands of management. Radical economists and historians have disputed the conventional view that these changes in work organization were necessary to increase production efficiency. Yet curiously there seem to be few issues of fact in dispute between the radical and the conventional accounts. I offer here an interpretation of the radical position which explains why this is so, and why profitable and efficient organizations of work will differ in capitalist economies. The argument hinges on the conditions under which workers were able to act collectively.