The Effect of Literacy on Immigrant Earnings
研究读写能力如何影响移民收入，发现本土出生者的读写能力分布优于移民，但两组人群的读写能力回报率相似，而教育程度较低的群体中读写能力差异与经验回报差异对收入差距的影响相当。
Abstract We examine the impact of literacy on immigrant earnings and the sources of lower returns to education and experience among immigrants. We find that the native-born literacy distribution dominates that for immigrants. However, the two groups obtain similar returns to literacy skills, contrary to discrimination-based explanations for immigrant—native-born earnings differentials. Among the university-educated, literacy differences account for about two-thirds of the earnings gap. However, low returns to foreign experience have a larger impact on this differential. Among the less educated, literacy differences and differences in the returns to experience have similar effects on the earnings differential.