Walking a tightrope: creating value through interorganizational relationships
综述了组织间关系的文献，回顾了六种理论范式（如交易成本、资源依赖等）和六种常见关系形式（如合资、联盟等），分析了参与组织间关系的利弊，帮助研究者快速把握该领域全貌。
This paper provides an overview of the literature ob interorganizational relationships. Although the literature on interorganizational relationships is extensive, a pervasive theme that is either explicit or implicit in the majority of the articles is the simple notion of whether interorganizational relationships make sense and whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. This article reviews six widely used theoretical paradigms that explain interorganizational relationship formation including transaction costs economic, resource dependency, strategic choice, stakeholder theory, organizational learning, and institutional theory. Although each paradigm alone is insufficient to capture the complexities of interorganizational relationship formation, the fact that interorganizational relationships can be justified from such diverse theoretical backgrounds is impressive. The paper also reviews the six forms of interorganizational relationships most commonly pursued in practice and discussed in the literature, including joint ventures, networks, consortia, alliances, trade associations, and interlocking directorates. Through these discussions, we elaborate on the potential advantages and disadvantages of participation in interorganizational relationships. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.