Fixed Costs, Efficient Resource Management, and Conservation
构建了一个分析框架，研究考虑资源节约技术变化的有效管理实践对资源开发的影响，发现有效管理不一定延迟或减少开发，取决于技术变化水平，原因在于固定成本和递增的边际成本。
Abstract This article develops a framework to analyze the impacts on resource development of efficient management practices that account for possible resource conserving technological changes. Compared with the traditional management practice ignoring these changes, efficient management may not delay or reduce resource development, depending on the level of the changes. Under efficient management, a higher probability of resource conserving technologies may not delay or reduce resource development. These ambiguities are due to the existence of fixed and increasing marginal costs in resource development.