How Does Structural Reform Affect Regional Development? Resolving Contradictory Theory with Evidence from India*
提出新自由主义国家同时是缩减和扩大的国家，并用印度工业数据检验改革后投资偏向沿海、发达地区和现有大都市的假设，结果部分或完全支持所有假设，引发对落后地区未来发展的担忧。
Abstract: Regional theory offers little coherent guidance on the prospects for interregional development after structural reform in developing nations. In this paper I suggest a basic set of hypotheses in which the neoliberal nation‐state is simultaneously a reduced state (less concerned about promoting regional balance) and an enlarged state (directing development toward selected regions). Under the new regulatory structure the location of post‐reform investments may be expected to favor the coast, advanced regions, and existing metropolises (especially the edge areas); these expectations may be more true for foreign direct investments than domestic investments (especially the direct investments of the state). I use disaggregated pre‐ and post‐reform industrial data from India to test the hypotheses. The results offer partial to full support for all hypotheses, providing evidence of the return of cumulative causation, and raising concerns about the political economy of future development in the lagging regions.